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How do anti drone guns work？

  How do anti drone guns work?

  With the continuous development of UAV technology，the safety of the public low-altitude airspace has become a common concern for everyone. If you want to understand how a drone jamming gun works, you must first know the communication characteristics of drones.

Drones widely adopt radio communication methods to maintain the data link transmission between the drone and the operator, which necessitates the establishment of a rapid and effective exchange of command and control data within the drone system. Typical data links include the Common Data Link (CDL) and the Tactical Common Data Link (TCDL), with the main communication bands being in the microwave range (300 MHz to 3000 GHz). The transmission of the data link is divided into the uplink and downlink transmission paths. The uplink primarily serves to transmit control commands issued by the operations center, while the downlink mainly functions to convey video imagery data collected by the drone's sensors, flight data, and telemetry information back to the drone control center.

  Currently, drone countermeasure guns available on the market mainly consist of a communication jamming module and a transmitting antenna. The jamming module can be configured with different frequency bands, with the mainstream ones being 1.2GHz, 1.5GHz, 2.4GHz, and 5.2GHz, 5.8GHz.The module creates noise in the corresponding frequency bands to block the communication channels of the drone, thereby disrupting the data transmission between the control center and the drone, achieving the purpose of countermeasure.

  However, achieving interference is not an easy task.

  At present, remote control signals for drones have adopted frequency-hopping and spread-spectrum technologies. The uplink primarily uses BPSK-FH (Binary Phase Shift Keying - Frequency Hopping) modulation, while the downlink mainly employs OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation. Let's first discuss the frequency-hopping spread-spectrum method for the uplink. Frequency-hopping communication refers to a communication method where the carrier frequency of the transmission signal rapidly changes among multiple discrete frequencies that occupy a large frequency band, following a predetermined pattern agreed upon by the transmitter and receiver. This method possesses strong anti-jamming and anti-interception capabilities.

  But, portable drone countermeasure guns are limited by their weight-carrying capacity and battery life, and thus cannot achieve full-frequency interference coverage. As a result, ordinary drone countermeasure guns can only activate the communication frequencies that drones might use based on experience for interference, which can lead to discrepancies between the countermeasure frequencies and the actual frequencies in use, affecting the effectiveness of the countermeasures.

  Therefore, to accurately identify the communication frequency bands of drones, it is necessary to incorporate radio detection modules and computational modules. By detecting and calculating, the precise communication frequency bands of the drones can be deciphered, and then the corresponding countermeasure modules can be activated for interference. The computational module can then allocate the maximum power amplification to the frequencies corresponding to the drones, achieving low-energy, high-efficiency countermeasures. However, this places very high demands on the calibration technology of the entire computational unit, and typically, the price is also relatively expensive.

Of course, not all usage scenarios require such high specifications for drone countermeasure guns; the choice of configuration should be based on the specific circumstances. For instance, in the face of some emergencies, we only need to disrupt the image transmission frequency band in the drone's downlink, which can prevent the operator from making operational judgments about the environment through the image, thereby leading to operational errors.

  In summary, if you want to choose a drone countermeasure gun that suits your needs, you must seek professional personnel to analyze the usage scenario before making a selection.